{"id":208,"date":"2016-12-19T12:28:38","date_gmt":"2016-12-19T12:28:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/?page_id=208\/"},"modified":"2026-10-23T13:44:14","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T12:44:14","slug":"tonalitet","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/sr\/elementi\/tonalitet\/","title":{"rendered":"Tonalitet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-white-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-1 is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#302d2a\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tonalitet je op\u0161ti ukupni izgled slike u pogledu opsega i raspore\u0111enosti tonova i nivoa gradacije izme\u0111u njih. Tonalitet je prvi utisak i atmosfera fotografije i stoga ima va\u017enu ulogu u fotografiji.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pominjali smo da boja nastaje razlaganjem svetlosnih talasa, a da najni\u017ea frekvencija (u\u010destalost oscilacija zraka svetlosti) stvara crvenu svetlost, a najvi\u0161a stvara ljubi\u010dastu. Bela svetlost predstavlja jednaku distribuciju svih vidljivih frekvencija. Duge i prizme rasipaju svetlo na boje sprektra. Ono \u0161to nazivamo crnom bojom predstavlja u stvari, odsustvo svetla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tonalitet se najbolje mo\u017ee razumeti trodimenzionalnim prikazom. U stvari,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/sr\/teorija\/boja\/\">krug&nbsp;boja<\/a>&nbsp;je samo horizontalni presek ovog prikaza iste svetline i zasi\u0107enosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Manselov sistem je trodimenzionalni prostor \u010dija vertikalna osa nosi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ton<\/strong>, odnosno ime boje, merenu stepenom oko horizontalnih krugova (0 do 360 \u00b0)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>zasi\u0107enost (\u010disto\u0107a, intenzitet boje)<\/strong>, merenu radijalno ka spolja od neutralne (sive) vertikalne ose<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>svetlinu<\/strong>\u00a0(valer) meren vertikalno od 0 (crna) do 10 (bela)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"521\" src=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Munsell-system.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-902\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Munsell-system.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Munsell-system-300x261.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f2f2f2\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ton<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ton predstavlja konkretnu boju \u2013 npr. \u017euta, zelena, crvena\u2026 Meri se stepenom ugla oko ose koji po\u010dinje i zavr\u0161ava se crvenom, u smeru suprotnom od kazaljke na satu u kome je crvena i 0 i 360 stepeni (\u017euta je 60, zelena 120 stepeni itd..) Svaki horizontalni krug Mansel je podelio na 5 glavnih boja: crvena, \u017euta, zelena, plava i ljubi\u010dasta sa 5 nijansi izme\u0111u susednih osnovnih nijansi.&nbsp;Svaka od ovih deset nijansi je dalje podeljena na deset nivoa, tako da 100 nijansi imaju celobrojne vrednosti. Dve boje jednake svetline i zasi\u0107enosti na suprotnim stranama kruga nijansi su komplementarne boje.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f2f2f2\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Svetlina<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Svetlina (valer) je svojstvo boje ili veli\u010dina boje u prostoru, koja je definisana da opi\u0161e \u010dovekovu subjektivnu percepciju svetline boje du\u017e ose. Svetlina se meri procentima od crne (0) do bele (100). Na procentu vrednosti 0 nijansa i zasi\u0107enost nemaju smisla. Svetlina ili valer varira vertikalno du\u017e iste \u010distine boje od crne (na dnu) do bele (na vrhu). Neutralna siva se nalazi na vertikalnoj osi izme\u0111u crne i bele.&nbsp;Svetlina boje tako\u0111e odgovara amplitudi talasne du\u017eine svetlosti.&nbsp;Valer predstavlja relativnu svetlinu ili tamno\u0107u boje. Ovo je va\u017ean alat za fotografe i defini\u0161e formu. Kontrast valera izdvaja objekte u prostoru, dok gradacija tonova i kontura sugeri\u0161e na masu susedne povr\u0161ine.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f2f2f2\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zasi\u0107enost \/ \u010cisto\u0107a \/ Intezitet<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zasi\u0107enost, merena radijalno od centra ose ka spolja, predstavlja \u201c\u010disto\u0107u\u201d boje, pri \u010demu je manja zasi\u0107enost boja sa manje \u010disto\u0107e (\u010dini se ble\u0111om, kao da je pastelna). Na nultom procentu \u010disto\u0107e, zasi\u0107enost nema smisla. Intenzitet je svojstvo boje ili veli\u010dina u prostoru boje koja je definisana da izrazi subjektivnu percepciju ljudskog oka.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evo primera komplementarnih boja, odnosno boja sa kontrasnim tonovima. One se nalaze na suprotnim stranama kruga boja \u2013 dve boje jednakog valera i zasi\u0107enosti. Dakle, svetlina i zasi\u0107enost&nbsp;boje su jednakih vrednosti. Ovo zna\u010di da je zelena istog nivoa zasi\u0107enosti kao i crvena, i da su obe istog intenziteta<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"736\" height=\"258\" src=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Lightness.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-906\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Lightness.jpg 736w, https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Lightness-600x210.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Lightness-300x105.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kada tonovi u slici imaju sli\u010dnu svetlinu, prostor gubi na dubini jer je kontrast slab. Mo\u017eemo videti nekoliko primera na slici dole. Slika sasvim levo je crnobela verzija slike pored, na kojoj je model u crvenoj haljini. Na prvoj slici\u00a0fokus je stavljen na lice modela, jer je ono svojom svetlinom izdvojeno od kontrasne tamne pozadine. Ruke i lice modela se izvajaju jasno od zadnjeg plana koji je jednako o\u0161tar, a haljina se skoro vizuelno stapa sa pozadinom. Naredna slika prikazuje druga\u010diju situaciju iako je to ista fotografija sa istim valerima kojima su dodata jo\u0161 dva svojstva- boja i zasi\u0107enost. Na ovoj slici crvena haljina dominira, lice je u tonu sli\u010dnom pozadini, a komplementarna zelena boja skoro pa parira intenzitetom crvenoj\u00a0haljini. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"825\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Colors-Expreriment.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-866\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Colors-Expreriment.jpg 825w, https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Colors-Expreriment-600x291.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Colors-Expreriment-300x145.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 825px) 100vw, 825px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na poslednjoj fotografiji me\u0111utim, lice i telo modela se skoro stapaju sa haljinom, koja je sli\u010dne nijanse sa pozadinom i u prvi plan dolazi iz pozadine puzavica sa br\u0161ljenom. Da zaklju\u010dimo: poznavanje ove tri vrednosti boje- ton, nijansa i valer mogu biti od velike koristi u fotografiji, naro\u010dito ako \u017eelimo da istaknemo konkretni objekat i nepravilno baratanje njima mo\u017ee biti zbunjuju\u0107e za posmatra\u010da i dovesti do potpuno pogre\u0161ne poente slike.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#f2f2f2\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osim toga, postoji jo\u0161 jedno svojstvo boje u fotografiji koje sam primetila da je razli\u010dito od recimo, boje naslikane na platnu.&nbsp;Kada su tonovi tamni na platnu,&nbsp;boje su intenzivnije, zasi\u0107enije, a kada je slika generalno svetla, kada se upotrebljava dosta belog pigmenta, boje izgledaju isprane, manje intenzivne. Sasvim je suprotno u fotografiji. Konkretno u fotografijama za komercijalnu upotrebu, kao \u0161to je na primer fotografija&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/sr\/hrana\/\">hrane<\/a>,&nbsp;boje namirnica treba da su intenzivne, zasi\u0107ene, prosto treba na prvi pogled da budu \u201cukusne\u201d. Da bi se taj intenzitet postigao, pri fotografisanju je potrebno blago preeksponirati fotografiju, da bi svetlo \u201cpro\u0161lo\u201d kroz hranu. Svetlo u fotografiji deluje u korist boja, za razliku od slikanja, jer ubacivanjem vi\u0161e svetlina nego \u0161to svetlomer pokazuje, boje dobiju prozra\u010dnost, intenzitet i deluju zavodljivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1440\" height=\"960\" src=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/orange-and-chocolate.jpg\" alt=\"orange and chocolate\" class=\"wp-image-1561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/orange-and-chocolate.jpg 1440w, https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/orange-and-chocolate-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/orange-and-chocolate-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/orange-and-chocolate-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#f2f2f2\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na crno-beloj fotografiji senke i svetline imaju veliku va\u017enost u kreiranju raspolo\u017eenja. Slika sa tamnim tonovima strvara tmurnu i turobnu scenu, dok svetla izgleda vedro\u00a0i optimisti\u010dno.<br>U praksi tamne fotografije sa puno senki zahtevaju puno svetla i dugu ekspoziciju, mada i kratka ekspozicija nije lo\u0161a za postizanje kontrasta. Recimo, pejza\u017ena fotografija ujutro ili kasno popodne, pod sun\u010danim nebom kreira dramati\u010dne senke, a za svetlije fotografije su potrebni oblaci koji difuzuju, umek\u0161avaju svetlo\u00a0\u0161to umanjuje senke. Magla i ki\u0161a su dobri uslovi za fotografije sa svetlim tonovima upravo zbog nedostatka senki.\u00a0\u0160to se ti\u010de kontrasta na slici, on usmerava pogled posmatra\u010da, nalazi se tamo gde nema postepenog prelaza sivih nijansi iz senki u svetline. Karakteristika pozadina je da nemaju sna\u017ene kontraste, bilo zbog vazdu\u0161ne perspektive, bilo zbog o\u0161trine ili prosto je re\u017eirana manje kontrasna pozadina. Stoga, portreti, o\u010di, ili bore na licu, imaju najve\u0107i me\u0111usobni kontrast i skre\u0107u na\u0161u pa\u017enju. Kontrasti treba da se koriste pa\u017eljivo, i to samo onda kada nam ukazuju na centar interesovanja. U suprotnom, kada ima kontrasta na pretek, mi ne mo\u017eemo da se fokusiramo na jedan ili nekoliko objekata i da odredimo centar interesovanja i prikaz i tuma\u010denje mo\u017ee da bude vrlo zbunjuju\u0107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Negative-space.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-841\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Negative-space.jpg 500w, https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Negative-space-300x180.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#f2f2f2\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tamne boje fotografiji donose kontemplativno ili&nbsp;tu\u017eno i depresivno ose\u0107anje, tako da kori\u0161\u0107enje tamnih tonova mo\u017ee biti sredstvo za postizanje ovih tipova scena i koncepta.&nbsp;Svetla fotografija mo\u017ee prenositi bezbri\u017ena ose\u0107anja zadovoljstva i sre\u0107e. Budu\u0107i da fotografija nije samo jednostavni prikaz realnosti, ona mo\u017ee da prenese nevidljive elemente kao \u0161to su emocije. U tome nam boje i tonovi vrlo poma\u017eu. Po\u0161to tamne boje i tonovi odi\u0161u pesimizmom, usamljeno\u0161\u0107u i tugom, a svetli optimizmom, sre\u0107om, zadovoljstvom, i nije iznena\u0111uju\u0107e \u0161to se ve\u0107ina reklamnih fotografija koristi izrazito svetlim tonovima. To su podsvesni trikovi koji podsti\u010du gledaoca da po\u017eeli proizvod.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1359\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Mykonos-Baywatch.jpg\" alt=\"Baywach\" class=\"wp-image-1990\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Mykonos-Baywatch.jpg 1359w, https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Mykonos-Baywatch-600x291.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Mykonos-Baywatch-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tiyana.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Mykonos-Baywatch-1024x497.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1359px) 100vw, 1359px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><em>*Sve fotografije koje koristim kao primere su iz moje li\u010dne arhive i imam autorska prava za njih. Ove lekcije su nastale kada sam radila u Francuskoj \u0161koli u Beogradu. Pisala sam ovaj tekst verovatno pod uticajem drugih sajtova ili knjiga o fotografiji i reference mogu se na\u0107i ispod svakog predavanja.<br>Referenc<\/em>e:<br><em>\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.blur-magazine.com\/\"><em>http:\/\/www.blur-magazine.com\/<br><\/em><\/a><em>\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/char.txa.cornell.edu\/language\/element\/color\/color.htm\"><em>http:\/\/char.txa.cornell.edu\/language\/element\/color\/color.htm<br><\/em><\/a><em>\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/nature-photography-central.com\/black_and_white_photography_shadows_and_light.html\"><em>http:\/\/nature-photography-central.com\/black_and_white_photography_shadows_and_light.html<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tonalitet je op\u0161ti ukupni izgled slike u pogledu opsega i raspore\u0111enosti tonova i nivoa gradacije izme\u0111u njih. Tonalitet je prvi utisak i atmosfera fotografije i stoga ima va\u017enu ulogu u fotografiji. Pominjali smo da boja nastaje razlaganjem svetlosnih talasa, a da najni\u017ea frekvencija (u\u010destalost oscilacija zraka svetlosti) stvara crvenu svetlost, a najvi\u0161a stvara ljubi\u010dastu. Bela [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":187,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-208","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tonalitet - Profesionalni fotograf Beograd, Srbija<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tiyana.net\/sr\/elementi\/tonalitet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tonalitet - Profesionalni fotograf Beograd, Srbija\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tonalitet je op\u0161ti ukupni izgled slike u pogledu opsega i raspore\u0111enosti tonova i nivoa gradacije izme\u0111u njih. Tonalitet je prvi utisak i atmosfera fotografije i stoga ima va\u017enu ulogu u fotografiji. Pominjali smo da boja nastaje razlaganjem svetlosnih talasa, a da najni\u017ea frekvencija (u\u010destalost oscilacija zraka svetlosti) stvara crvenu svetlost, a najvi\u0161a stvara ljubi\u010dastu. 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